The centrifugal force ($F$) in a centrifuge can be calculated using the following formulas:

$$F = m \cdot r \cdot \omega^2$$

or

$$F = \frac{m \cdot v^2}{r}$$

where:

• $F$ — Centrifugal force (unit: Newton, N)

• $m$ — Mass of the rotating object (unit: kg)

• $r$ — Radius of rotation, i.e., the distance from the rotation axis to the sample (unit: meters, m)

• $\omega$ — Angular velocity (unit: radians per second, rad/s)

• $v$ — Linear velocity (unit: meters per second, m/s)

Angular Velocity Calculation:

$$\omega = 2\pi f = \frac{2\pi N}{60}$$

where:

• $f$ — Rotational frequency (unit: Hertz, Hz)

• $N$ — Rotational speed (unit: revolutions per minute, RPM)

Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF):

Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) is a commonly used measure of centrifugal force, expressed in multiples of gravitational acceleration (g):

$$RCF = 1.118 \times 10^{-5} \times r \times N^2$$

where:

• $RCF$ — Relative Centrifugal Force (unit: g, multiples of gravitational acceleration)

• $r$ — Centrifugal radius (unit: cm)

• $N$ — Rotational speed (unit: RPM)